Gurus, Sacrificial Lambs, Shamans, and Scapegoats: Is There a Collective Pool of Pain?
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Gurus, Sacrificial Lambs, Shamans, and Scapegoats:

Is There a Collective Pool of Pain?:

Mickel Adzema, M.A.


ABSTRACT:  With the current media brouhaha over Mel Gibson's "The Passion of The Christ," this article, written long before, addresses the issue that is the essence of that movie:  That someone can suffer and die for the "sins" of others.  This article addresses that theme in a larger, multicultural, multi-ethnic, multi-religious context:  Are there people who take on the the "sins" or "Pain" of others, who take on the karma in an Eastern sense or the mistakes and evil of others who are not able to handle the consequences of their actions?  Is the Divinity inherent in the Cosmos compassionately concerned enough to manifest or call forth individuals to take on the same kind of task that Christ, in a most extreme brutal form, demonstrated?  This article is not about Christ but about that theme of extraordinary individuals with a divinely-inspired mission of suffering for the sake of others who cannot "help" themselves in raising themselves above the consequences of their ill deeds.  For are not people of all times and cultures children of the same Divinity, some would say "sparks" of that same Divinity, which others on this site, including this author, have theorized is commensurate, i.e., equal, to all of Nature, including humanity each and every one of us?  Assuming this, in this article the author discusses this phenomenon of people taking on, willingly and unwillingly, the pain and sins of their society from the small tribe to that of all of humanity.   And it puts forth the proposition that there is a collective "pool of pain."  In that ultimately the distinctions between people are illusory, that we are all One, all interconnected, then both the evil, as well as the good, of each of us is both the result of the collective actions of us all as well as being a part of the consciousness that we all share more correctly the One Consciousness that each of us is.*

 

The Community's Inner Dragon

She'd experienced being raped was what she'd told us.  This veteran consciousness explorer and trained facilitator had also done a lot of regression work on herself.  Yet she related how, in one of her breathwork sessions, she'd definitely had those feelings of rape . . . despite the fact that she'd not been sexually abused in this life.  And this last part she knew.  It was not denial or repression.

The conference attendees were shaken.  It did not coincide with any common psychological, or even transpersonal, models concerning healing or experience they'd ever heard of.  But in her response, the panelist offered the idea that there is a kind of storehouse of experience of collective pain that anyone can tap-in to, if one is sufficiently open . . . and ready.

Since this type of thing has come up, as well, in my own inner journeying, I would like to suggest that what we're dealing with is a possibility, based on the evidence, of a sort of "collective shadow unconsciousness," a collective pool of pain, if you will, which has been built up currently and in the past of distress that needs to be released.

Not long ago, a Santa Barbara-based spiritual teacher expressed a similar idea.  As she put it, after you clear out your own stuff, then you do it for the rest of the species, then for all living beings in this world, then for living things in other worlds, then for all entities, and then so on, and on, and . . .

 Shamans, Sages, Tribal Kings, and Prophets

Similarly, from history, the spiritual literature, and anthropology we hear of certain people—shamans, tribal kings, prophets, saviors, sages, gurus—who, after dealing with their own inner dragons, can tap-in to this collective pool and thereby help other people.  In resolving the negative material, releasing it and integrating it, they can have a positive effect on their community, and even the Universe as a whole. 

I am reminded of how certain African tribal "kings" (chieftains would be a better word), tribal leaders, and "clan kings" would be sacrificed for their tribes to the point of and including actual physical death.  Similarly, shamans would take on psychic tasks that they would consider to be too dangerous or difficult for members of their tribe to do.  In this way of looking at things, it is as if there is a group mind, and that the shaman's duty is to resolve the collective issues, to work through the unfelt feelings, so that the rest of the tribe can function better. 

It is as if everyone in a community does not have to, or is not able to, “work” all of their own stuff, but that a certain person can volunteer to face some of those inner demons for the entire group, or at least for those having difficulty.

Ah, But Scapegoats As Well

In this respect I believe it is possible to make a fascinating, albeit disturbing, connection between this idea and scapegoats.  In the case of scapegoating, particular individuals are selected to be this kind of lightning rod for the group's pain and psychic distress.

So there seems to be both this tendency for people to adopt this role for themselves and for societies to put people in these roles whether they want it or not.  This indicates some kind of social, human need, or at least a fundamental human expediency, that is to say, ego defense.

It would seem, in any case, that there is a right way and wrong way to do this.  And we can deduce that these attempts can have either beneficial or negative transpersonal and psychological effects depending on which way it's done.  Obviously there's a huge difference between a guru or a savior taking the "sins" of their group upon themselves to release their people in that manner, versus a scapegoat being chosen to dump all the group's unwanted feelings and shadow material on.

Sacrifices — Animal and Cucumber

Other fascinating perspectives on this arise from study of one of its variations:  This is the widespread phenomenon of sacrifice, and in particular, animal sacrifice.  The Nuer of Africa, for example, as well as the neighboring Dinka, created rituals for many of life's events around the killing of sacrificial oxen.  If no oxen were available, a cucumber was often used; in other cultures, lambs or other animals may be used.  At any rate, when the ox was slain, the carcass was then split, with one half being consumed and the other half thrown away from them into the bush . . . reputedly taking with it the sins, indiscretions, and wayward elements of all those assembled.  Higher forces were then called forth and entreated to remove the carcass/transgressions; indeed, at times they were directly invoked, then subsequently admonished to "go away" and "be gone!" 

Since the group or individual is said to be identified with the animal, it is interesting to consider the possible message here that one takes into oneself and incorporates (integrates) only half of that which is of oneself; but one seeks the Universe's help in disposing of the other half, relegating it to "the bush."  It is fascinating to think of the common use of prayer in this respect, that is, prayer where one invokes the Divine to take away or to "handle" those things in life, or the parts of those things, that one is incapable of handling oneself.  Apparently it is the rare individual who completely integrates her or his Shadow.

It is important to keep in mind that all of this idea of a group psyche is built upon a perspective, a paradigm, in which subjectivity is primary: Experience or Mind being the only reality.  Such speculation as engaged in here is not even conceivable within the dominant materialistic paradigm.  Nevertheless, these possibilities have long . . . far longer than this upstart of "objective materialism" has been around . . . have long been the common currency of our species, and have been so in the vast majority of human cultures that ever existed.

Shared Experience: Morphic Resonances and COEX Systems

But, getting back to the subject, people having rape fantasies, both men and women, where apparently there has been no sexual abuse, is becoming ever more common.  Is it that in some way when we are violated as children, psychologically and emotionally, that it's part of a gestalt or resonance—Stanislav Grof[1] would say a COEX system; Rupert Sheldrake[2] would say a morphogenetic field or morphic resonance—that includes actual physical violations from a collective pool of pain? 

Also we should consider all the current stories of people being sexually abused; there seems to be an epidemic of people claiming to have been sexually molested as infants by their parents.  No doubt much of this is true.  The evidence is there to confirm it.  But is it also possible that people in processing their stuff, or coming close to their repressed feelings, are at times tapping into transpersonal resonances that are only similar in quality to the corresponding real-life trauma?  This is a possibility we should consider; for I know it to be the only plausible one in my own case, in the case of the panelist mentioned at the outset, and in the cases of several others whom I know personally or whose cases have appeared in print.[3]

UFOs: Is That Gaia Calling?

Another item related to this pattern is the current UFO abduction experiences—the incidence of which is also increasing.[4]  One interesting explanation for such experiences of being abducted and then examined, probed, and sampled—which corresponds to this collective pool of pain theory—is derived from the idea that in fact the Earth herself (Gaia) has consciousness and is therefore part of a collective consciousness to which we also belong.  This idea of an earth hologram is propounded by Goddess theorists and by others as well.  Joseph Chilton Pearce claims we have primary access to such an Earth hologram as children and lose it later through our normative indoctrination into society.  He writes: 

The brain as a hologram is representative of the Earth.  So long as this is undifferentiated, the personality, or consciousness within that brain, receiving its perceptions from that brain, is literally an undifferentiated part of the hologram effect.  It is part and parcel of the world system, which, because it radiates out from the child, places him at the center of thought, with the world a body extending from him.  The clarification of the hologram (to use that model) is a period of breathless wonder and excitement for the child because he is discovering his larger self. . . .  [5]

The primary process is the function through which we are conscious of the Earth as a thinking globe, the flow of life, the general field of awareness, and almost surely, even larger ecologies of thought.  The primary process is also past, current, and potential possibility and experience.  Other cultures have maintained a much greater openness to the primary process than Western culture has. . . .  [6] 

Nevertheless, the potential for access to this "primary process" always exists, since it is repressed but continues to exist in the unconscious. 

With these things in mind, is it possible that UFO abductees may be inadvertently stumbling into primary Earth process and picking up on the feelings of Earth herself as she is being poked, violated, measured, and having things inserted into her in this modern, high-tech, resource-exploiting era. 

If so, one has to wonder whether some of the feelings of the Earth herself might not be being expressed or be trying to be integrated by her through these people.  Is it possible that these people have become unwitting channels for Mother Earth's pain—to help to express and integrate it—as she is systematically being defoliated, polluted, violated, and destroyed?

This may sound farfetched, but then, considering our actions in the face of global disaster . . . well, so are the times!

Volcano-Jumping for Bliss and Profit

Anyway, I offer these speculations in the hope of stimulating renewed appreciation of our roles as journeyers and shamans.  It may just be that what we do on our "inner" forays into consciousness has significance in the "outer" world—in these incredibly delicate and precipitous times—far beyond what we normally think.  Indeed we may be volunteering for an ancient role, and in these days, perhaps, a very much needed one.  Like Joe in the Tom Hanks movie, "Joe Vs. the Volcano," we may find ourselves "jumping into the volcano to save the community."  But also like Joe, and my experience attests to this, I believe we will find that the Universe provides, not death, but rather bears up and rewards with renewed life those who voluntarily sacrifice themselves this way.


NOTES

[1].  Grof describes COEX systems in a number of works.  A few of the most important are Stanislav Grof, Realms of the Human Unconscious.  Dutton, New York, 1976; Stanislav Grof, LSD Psychotherapy.  Hunter House, Pomona, CA, 1980; Stanislav Grof, Beyond the Brain: Birth, Death and  Transcendence in Psychotherapy.  SUNY, Albany, NY, 1985;  Stanislav Grof, The Adventure of Self-Discovery:  Dimensions of Consciousness and New Perspectives in Psychotherapy and Inner Exploration.    SUNY, Albany, NY, 1988; and Stanislav Grof with Hal Zina Bennett, The Holotropic Mind: The Three Levels of Human Consciousness and How They Shape Our Lives. HarperCollins: San Francisco, 1993.  [return to text]

[2].  Rupert Sheldrake, A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Formative Causation. Jeremy P. Tarcher, Los Angeles, 1981.  [return to text]

[3].  For example, John Lonsbury, "Inside primal therapy."  Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 18(4), 1978, pp. 19-28.  [return to text]

[4].  John E. Mack, "Other realities: The 'alien abduction' phenomenon." Noetic Sciences Review, No. 23, Autumn 1992, pp. 5-11.  [return to text]

[5].  Joseph Chilton Pearce, Magical Child: Rediscovering Nature's Plan for our Children. Toronto: Bantam, 1980, pp. 142-143.  [return to text]

[6].  Joseph Chilton Pearce, 1980, p. 145.  [return to text]

 


Copyright © 2004 by Michael D. Adzema

Biographical Note

MICHAEL ADZEMA is an independent scholar whose articles have appeared in a variety of international and regional magazines and journals. He is also a primal breathwork facilitator whose experience in experiential psychotherapies such as primal therapy, rebirthing, and holotropic breathwork extend over thirty years. He has done doctoral work in psychological anthropology as well as Master's work in psychology, religious studies and philosophy and has an M.A. in Interdisciplinary Studies (combining anthropology, psychology, and philosophy) from Sonoma State University. He taught Pre- and Perinatal Psychology at Sonoma State University. Michael has written extensively and combines his focus on psychological growth with an equally long-standing interest and involvement in mysticism, shamanism, and the anthropology and philosophy of consciousness, writing in depth on the relation of psychology of spirituality.  He was the editor of the print version of the journal, Primal Renaissance: The Journal of Primal Psychology, which now appears on this site, and of the magazine Primal Spirit, which likewise appears on this site, as an e-zine.  The foregoing article is excerpted from a work-in-progress titled Womb With a View: Spiritual Aspects of Prenatal ExperienceMichael's extended bio can be found at Mickel Adzema's writings .  E-mail, click on mickel@primalspirit.com .  


** Editor's Note:  This article had previously been published in The Rose Garden, July-September, 1996; Spirit of Change Magazine, September-October, 1995; The Inner Door: The Newsletter for the Association for Holotropic Breathwork International; and had been discussed and received honorable mention in the publication of the Association for Research and Enlightenment -- the foundation for Edgar Cayce.  [return to text]

Editor's Note:  Shaman art by Peter Radford [return to art]

 

Related Book:  Go to  Primal Renaissance: The Emerging Millennial Return   by Michael D. Adzema.

Related Article:  Go to  "Nature As Alive:  Morphic Resonance and Collective Memory"   by Rupert Sheldrake, Ph.d.

Related Article:  Go to  "Sathya Sai Baba, Avatar"  by Mary Lynn Adzema.

Related Article:  Go to  "The UFO Abduction Phenomenon's Challenge to Consensus Reality"   by John E. Mack, M.D.

Related Article:  Go to  "Voices From the Dreamtime: An Essay Review of Robert Lawlor's Voices of the First Day: Awakening in the Aboriginal Dreamtime"   by Mary Lynn Adzema.

Related Article:  Go to  "God Is My Psychotherapist"  by Mary Lynn Adzema.

Related Article:  Go to  "Shamanism and Primal Therapy"  by Belden Johnson.

Related Article:  Go to  "Holotropic Breathwork and the Politics of Consciousness Revolution"  by Mickel Adzema.

Related Article:  Go to  "A Larger Vision of Relationship and Process"  by Belden Johnson.

Related Article:  Go to  "Planetary Survival and Consciousness Evolution: Psychological Roots of Human Violence and Greed" by Stanislav Grof, M.D.

Related Article:  Go to  "Biologically Constituted Realities: An Anti-Anthropocentric (Species-Relative) and New-Paradigm Perspective"   by Mickel Adzema.

Related Article:  Go to  "A Primal Perspective on Spirituality"   by Mickel Adzema.

Related Book:  Go to  Apocalypse Or New Age? The Emerging Perinatal Unconscious  by Michael D. Adzema.


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